What are the basic first aid skills?

To put it bluntly, the basic first aid skills that ordinary people need to master are all based on the core values ​​of "grabbing prime time, protecting the bottom line of life, and not causing trouble for subsequent treatment."

Last week, I was doing first aid science popularization and setting up a stall in the community. I happened to encounter a resident on the first floor rushing over with a child stuck in a lychee core. The child's face was bruised from holding it in and he couldn't even make a sound. I took it and pushed it three times using the Heimlich maneuver. The core spurted out. When the child cried out, the onlookers watched. People are saying that this skill is too practical - indeed, the golden first aid time for airway obstruction is only a few minutes. If you wait for 120 to come, you will most likely miss it. The probability of ordinary people encountering this kind of scene is really high. Whether it is an old man who has a bone stuck in his meal or a child who swallowed a small toy, knowing this trick can save his life.

What is more dangerous than airway obstruction is cardiac arrest. The golden rescue time is only 4 minutes. Being able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation at this time is equivalent to fighting death. Nowadays, the industry has different opinions on whether ordinary rescuers should perform artificial respiration. One group believes that ordinary people have not received systematic training. Artificial respiration will delay the rhythm of chest compressions, and there are also concerns about cross-infection. Only continuous chest compressions are enough. ； The other group believes that for situations such as drowning and infant arrest caused by hypoxia, combined with artificial respiration can significantly improve the survival rate. In fact, ordinary people really don’t need to worry about this. If something happens, even if your compression movements are not so standard, it is much better than standing around and waiting.

We usually don’t encounter these fatal and critical situations, but deal with daily minor accidents. I have volunteered in the emergency department before, and I have seen too many people who do not help the first aid: cutting vegetables and sprinkling flour or incense ash on the wound, burning soup and pouring doenjang and soy sauce on the body, twisting the foot and rubbing it into a bun on the spot. These wrong operations may aggravate the infection at least, or delay the treatment at worst. In fact, these minor injuries are easy to deal with. If bleeding occurs, use clean gauze or a soft cotton towel without crumbs to apply pressure on the wound. Most minor injuries can be stopped by applying pressure in three to five minutes. If the amount of bleeding is heavy, keep applying pressure to the hospital. Don’t apply random remedies. ； If you suffer a burn or scald, rinse it with running cold water for 15 to 20 minutes. After rinsing, just cover it loosely with a clean cloth. Don’t wipe things randomly. ； If I sprained my foot, don't rub it or use hot compress. Apply cold compress first to reduce the swelling, and then think about promoting blood circulation after 24 hours. I sprained my foot while playing football, and my teammates sprayed me with safflower oil and rubbed it on the spot. I went back and applied ice packs overnight, and I was able to walk normally the next day. If I had rubbed it at that time, I wouldn't have been able to move for at least half a month.

There is really no threshold for these skills. Many communities and the Red Cross now provide free practical training. Spending half a day practicing is much more useful than half a day watching short videos. When you really encounter trouble, whether it is to save family members or help strangers, it can come in handy.