Ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids

Ovarian cysts are usually cystic structures that develop within the ovary, and uterine fibroids are benign tumors of the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. The two diseases may coexist but have different pathogenesis and effects.

1. Ovarian cyst

Ovarian cysts may be related to endocrine disorders, long-term inflammatory stimulation or genetic factors, and manifest as lower abdominal distension, menstrual irregularities and other symptoms. Physiological cysts such as corpus luteum cysts can resolve spontaneously, while pathological cysts require close observation or intervention. For drug treatment, you can choose Chinese patent medicines such as Guizhi Fuling Capsules and Sanjie Analgesic Capsules, or hormonal drugs such as drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets. If the diameter of the cyst exceeds 5 cm or causes torsion or rupture, laparoscopic surgical removal is required.

2. Uterine fibroids

Uterine fibroids are mainly caused by excessive estrogen levels stimulating muscle cell proliferation. Common symptoms include increased menstrual flow, anemia, and pressure on the bladder causing frequent urination. Small and asymptomatic fibroids can be followed up regularly. If necessary, mifepristone tablets can be used to shrink the tumor, or leuprolide injection can be used to suppress estrogen. Submucosal fibroids or those that are too large require hysteroscopic resection, and uterine artery embolization may be considered for multiple fibroids.

3. Concurrency situation

When two types of diseases coexist, a comprehensive evaluation of symptom priority is required. If the fibroid causes severe bleeding and the cyst is stable, treat the fibroid first ； If the cyst is suspected to be malignant, surgery is required as soon as possible. Laparoscopic combined surgery can solve two types of problems at one time, but an individualized plan needs to be developed based on the patient’s age and reproductive needs.

4. Dietary conditioning

Avoid the intake of estrogen-containing royal jelly, animal placenta and other foods, and increase appropriate amounts of broccoli, soy products and other foods that regulate hormone metabolism. Anemia patients need to supplement heme iron, such as duck blood and red meat, and control high-fat diet to reduce estrogen synthesis.

5. Follow-up monitoring

Perform gynecological ultrasound and tumor marker examinations every 3-6 months, focusing on cyst growth rate and fibroid blood flow signals. Perimenopausal patients may have smaller lesions as estrogen decreases, but they still need to be alert to the risk of fibroid degeneration.

Regular physical examination and symptom monitoring are key. Sudden severe abdominal pain and heavy vaginal bleeding require immediate medical attention. Maintain moderate exercise such as yoga to help pelvic blood circulation, but avoid strenuous exercise that increases abdominal pressure. Psychological counseling can help relieve anxiety about the disease. If necessary, seek professional psychological counseling support.