Normal testicular size reference

The normal volume of an adult male testicle is 15-25 ml. The length and diameter of the unilateral testis are about 3.5-5 cm and the width is about 2-3 cm. There are individual differences in testicular size, which needs to be comprehensively evaluated in conjunction with functional status.

Testicular volume can be determined by ultrasound measurement or testicular model comparison. The testicular volume before puberty is usually less than 4 ml. It enters a period of rapid growth between the ages of 12 and 14 and tends to be stable in adulthood. The testicular volume of Asian men is slightly smaller than that of European and American people, but there is no significant difference in function. A testicular volume less than 12 ml may indicate dysplasia or atrophy, and a testicular volume exceeding 30 ml requires vigilance for testicular hydrocele, tumors and other lesions. During palpation, the testicles should be uniform in texture and smooth in surface. Slight tenderness is a normal physiological phenomenon. Testicular size is not entirely related to fertility; semen quality is the key indicator.

It is recommended to wear loose and breathable underwear on a daily basis and avoid sitting for long periods of time or in high temperature environments. Regularly self-examine testicular morphological changes. If abnormal lumps, pain, or significant changes in volume are found in a short period of time, you should seek medical treatment promptly to check for orchitis, varicocele and other diseases. Maintaining moderate exercise and controlling your weight can help maintain normal hormone levels. Excessive alcohol consumption may affect testicular function.