Can premature ovarian failure be detected by B-ultrasound?

Premature ovarian failure can be diagnosed through B-ultrasound examination, but it needs to be combined with comprehensive evaluation such as hormone testing. The diagnosis of premature ovarian failure is mainly based on elevated serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels, reduced anti-Mullerian hormone levels, B-ultrasound showing reduced ovarian volume and reduced number of antral follicles.

B-ultrasound examination can visually display changes in ovarian morphology. The ovarian volume of patients with premature ovarian failure is usually smaller than normal, the diameter of both ovaries may be less than 20 mm, and the number of antral follicles is significantly reduced to less than 5 on each side. Transvaginal ultrasonography has a higher resolution and can clearly observe the development status of follicles and the thickness of the endometrium. Some patients may experience reduced ovarian blood flow signal, but this finding lacks specificity.

Relying solely on B-ultrasound examination may result in missed diagnosis. About 15% of patients with premature ovarian failure have early ovarian volumes within the normal range, and some premature ovarian failure caused by chromosomal abnormalities may retain normal ovarian morphology. For ovarian function decline caused by some autoimmune diseases, B-ultrasound may only show slight ovarian atrophy, which needs to be confirmed by combined with anti-ovarian antibody testing.

It is recommended that women who experience oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea before the age of 35 should undergo vaginal B-ultrasound examination on days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle, and also detect serum follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels. You should maintain a regular schedule in your daily life, avoid excessive dieting and lose weight, control your body mass index between 18.5 and 23.9, and supplement vitamin D and calcium appropriately. Confirmed patients need to undergo hormone replacement therapy under the guidance of a reproductive endocrinologist, and regularly review bone density and cardiovascular indicators.